PKD: Biomolecular Aspects

Abstract

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)is the most common genetic kidney disease with an estimated prevalence of between 1:400 and 1:1,000. Caused by germline mutations in PKD1 (85%) or PKD2 (15%). The cardinal feature of ADPKD is the presence of multiple fluid-filled kidney cysts which enlarge over time. Cyst initiation and expansion is a complex process characterized by abnormalities in tubular cell proliferation, fluid secretion, extracellular matrix formation and cell polarity. Currently, the three major treatment strategies are to: 1) reduce cAMP levels; 2) inhibit cell proliferation, and 3) reduce fluid secretion.