Characteristic Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Recurrent Calcium-Oxalate Nephrolithiasis in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for nephrolithiasis. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical and biochemical profile of calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis in stone formers with metabolic syndrome. A total of 526 recurrent stone formers, 184 of them with metabolic syndrome, and 214 controls were examined. Stone formers with metabolic syndrome showed higher sodium excretion [mean (95% confidence interval), 196 (176–218) vs 160 (150–168) mmol/24h; p<0.01] and lower citrate excretion [2.23 (1.99–2.58) vs 2.84 (2.51–3.17) mmol/24 h; p<0.01] compared to controls, whereas stone formers without metabolic syndrome showed higher calcium and oxalate excretion [5.43 (5.01–5.82) vs 3.58 (2.84–4.19) and 0.34 (0.32–0.36) vs 0.26 (0.20–0.31) mmol/24h for calcium and oxalate, respectively; p<0.01] and lower citrate excretion [2.18 (1.98–2.38) vs 2.84 (2.51–3.17) mmol/24 h; p<0.01] compared to controls. The biochemical profiles was significantly different between stone formers with metabolic syndrome and those without. Dietary habits play a central role in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis in stone formers with metabolic syndrome.