Vitreoretinal interface disorders

Authors

  • Marco Pastore Eye Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Health, University of Trieste, Trieste - Italy image/svg+xml https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4725-1590
  • Antonio Gemito Eye Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Health, University of Trieste, Trieste - Italy https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9940-2287
  • Daniele Tognetto Eye Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Health, University of Trieste, Trieste - Italy

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33393/ao.2024.2695

Keywords:

Epiretinal membrane (ERM), Full thickness macular holes (FTMH), Lamellar holes, Optical coherence tomography (OCT), Vitreomacular traction (VMT), Vitreoretinal interface disorders

Abstract

This article is designed to bridge the knowledge gap for Doctors, shedding light on retinal pathologies that have long dwelled in the shadows of ultra-specialization. It delves into the identification and management of atypical conditions affecting the vitreomacular interface, encompassing disorders like vitreomacular traction, epiretinal membrane, full thickness macular holes and lamellar holes. Optical coherence tomography emerges as a crucial diagnostic tool, significantly enhancing our capacity to recognize abnormalities at the vitreoretinal junction, offering clinical insights unattainable through conventional ophthalmic methods. While vitrectomy remains the predominant choice for treating these conditions, alternative approaches are being explored.

References

  1. Ashleigh L. Levison, Peter K. Kaiser, Vitreomacular interface diseases: Diagnosis and management, Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology, 2014;4(2): 63-68 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjo.2013.12.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjo.2013.12.001
  2. Okada M, Chiu D, Yeoh J. Vitreomacular disorders: a review of the classification, pathogenesis and treatment paradigms including new surgical techniques. Clin Exp Optom. 2021;104(6):672-683. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2021.1896946 PMID:33899681 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2021.1896946
  3. Liesenborghs I, De Clerck EEB, Berendschot TTJM, et al. Prevalence of optical coherence tomography detected vitreomacular interface disorders: the Maastricht Study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96(7):729-736. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13671 PMID:29369516 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13671
  4. Steel DHW, Lotery AJ. Idiopathic vitreomacular traction and macular hole: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Eye (Lond). 2013;27(Suppl 1)(suppl 1):S1-S21. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2013.212 PMID:24108069 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2013.212
  5. Meuer SM, Myers CE, Klein BE, et al. The epidemiology of vitreoretinal interface abnormalities as detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: the beaver dam eye study. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(4):787-795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.10.014 PMID:25556116 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.10.014
  6. Duker JS, Kaiser PK, Binder S, et al. The International Vitreomacular Traction Study Group classification of vitreomacular adhesion, traction, and macular hole. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(12):2611-2619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.07.042 PMID:24053995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.07.042
  7. Errera M-H, Liyanage SE, Petrou P, et al. A study of the natural history of vitreomacular traction syndrome by OCT. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(5):701-707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.10.035 PMID:29217147 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.10.035
  8. Stalmans P, Benz MS, Gandorfer A, et al; MIVI-TRUST Study Group. Enzymatic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction and macular holes. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(7):606-615. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1110823 PMID:22894573 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1110823
  9. Chan CK, Crosson JN, Mein CE, Daher N. Pneumatic vitreolysis for relief of vitreomacular traction. Retina. 2017;37(10):1820-1831. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000001448 PMID:28099316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000001448
  10. Chan CK, Mein CE, Crosson JN. Pneumatic vitreolysis for management of symptomatic focal vitreomacular traction. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2017;12(4):419-423. https://doi.org/10.4103/jovr.jovr_146_17 PMID:29090053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jovr.jovr_146_17
  11. Jackson TL, Nicod E, Angelis A, et al. Pars plana vitrectomy for vitreomacular traction syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis of safety and efficacy. Retina. 2013;33(10):2012-2017. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182a6b3e2 PMID:24013261 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182a6b3e2
  12. Mirza RG, Johnson MW, Jampol LM. Optical coherence tomography use in evaluation of the vitreoretinal interface: a review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52(4):397-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.04.007 PMID:17574065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.04.007
  13. Iuliano L, Fogliato G, Gorgoni F, Corbelli E, Bandello F, Codenotti M. Idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery: safety, efficacy and patient related outcomes. Clin Ophthalmol. 2019;13:1253-1265. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S176120 PMID:31409964 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S176120
  14. Fung AT, Galvin J, Tran T. Epiretinal membrane: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021;49(3):289-308. https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.13914 PMID:33656784 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.13914
  15. Zhao F, Gandorfer A, Haritoglou C, et al. Epiretinal cell proliferation in macular pucker and vitreomacular traction syndrome: analysis of flat-mounted internal limiting membrane specimens. Retina. 2013;33(1):77-88. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182602087 PMID:22914684 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182602087
  16. Stevenson W, Prospero Ponce CM, Agarwal DR, Gelman R, Christoforidis JB. Epiretinal membrane: optical coherence tomography-based diagnosis and classification. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016;10:527-534. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S97722 PMID:27099458 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S97722
  17. Govetto A, Lalane RA III, Sarraf D, Figueroa MS, Hubschman JP. Insights into epiretinal membranes: presence of ectopic inner foveal layers and a new optical coherence tomography staging scheme. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;175:99-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2016.12.006 PMID:27993592 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2016.12.006
  18. Casuso LA, Scott IU, Flynn HWJ Jr, et al. Long-term follow-up of unoperated macular holes. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(6):1150-1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00581-4 PMID:11382645 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00581-4
  19. Elhusseiny AM, Flynn HWJ Jr, Smiddy WE. Long-term outcomes after idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:995-1002. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S242681 PMID:32280194 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S242681
  20. Wong JG, Sachdev N, Beaumont PE, Chang AA. Visual outcomes following vitrectomy and peeling of epiretinal membrane. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005;33(4):373-378. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2005.01025.x PMID:16033349 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2005.01025.x
  21. Chew EY, Sperduto RD, Hiller R, et al. Clinical course of macular holes: the Eye Disease Case-Control Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117(2):242-246. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.117.2.242 PMID:10037571 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.117.2.242
  22. Gaudric A, Aloulou Y, Tadayoni R, Massin P. Macular pseudoholes with lamellar cleavage of their edge remain pseudoholes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013 Apr;155(4):733-42, 742.e1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2012.10.021 PMID: 23312734 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2012.10.021
  23. Shukla D. Secondary macular holes: when to jump in and when to stay out. Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2013;8(5):437-446. https://doi.org/10.1586/17469899.2013.844069 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1586/17469899.2013.844069
  24. Liang X, Liu W. Characteristics and risk factors for spontaneous closure of idiopathic full-thickness macular hole. J Ophthalmol. 2019;2019:4793764. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4793764 PMID:31001430 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4793764
  25. Morescalchi F, Costagliola C, Gambicorti E, Duse S, Romano MR, Semeraro F. Controversies over the role of internal limiting membrane peeling during vitrectomy in macular hole surgery. Surv Ophthalmol. 2017;62(1):58-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.07.003 PMID:27491476 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.07.003
  26. Tognetto D, Grandin R, Sanguinetti G, et al; Macular Hole Surgery Study Group. Internal limiting membrane removal during macular hole surgery: results of a multicenter retrospective study. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(8):1401-1410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.02.061 PMID:16877079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.02.061
  27. Spiteri Cornish K, Lois N, Scott N, et al. Vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling versus vitrectomy with no peeling for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(6):CD009306. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009306.pub2 PMID:23740611 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009306.pub2
  28. Michalewska Z, Michalewski J, Adelman RA, Nawrocki J. Inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique for large macular holes. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(10):2018-2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.011 PMID:20541263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.011
  29. Morizane Y, Shiraga F, Kimura S, et al. Autologous transplantation of the internal limiting membrane for refractory macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;157(4):861-869.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2013.12.028 PMID:24418265 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2013.12.028
  30. Parravano M, Giansanti F, Eandi CM, Yap YC, Rizzo S, Virgili G. Vitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(5):CD009080. PMID:25965055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009080.pub2
  31. Ruiz-Moreno JM, Staicu C, Piñero DP, Montero J, Lugo F, Amat P. Optical coherence tomography predictive factors for macular hole surgery outcome. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92(5):640-644. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2007.136176 PMID:18441174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2007.136176
  32. Wakabayashi T, Fujiwara M, Sakaguchi H, Kusaka S, Oshima Y. Foveal microstructure and visual acuity in surgically closed macular holes: spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic analysis. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(9):1815-1824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.01.017 PMID:20472291 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.01.017
  33. Bottoni F, Deiro AP, Giani A, Orini C, Cigada M, Staurenghi G. The natural history of lamellar macular holes: a spectral domain optical coherence tomography study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;251(2):467-475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-012-2044-2 PMID:22569859 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-012-2044-2