Pulp canal obliteration after extrusive and lateral luxation in young permanent teeth: A scoping review

Abstract

AIM: In the literature, no single therapeutic approach is preferred for treating dental pulp responses such as pulp canal obliteration (PCO). Some authors still recommend preventive endodontic treatment, whereas others choose not to intervene, to avoid causing possible iatrogenic complications. This review was conducted to explore, in the current scientific literature, the degree of knowledge concerning the onset and development of PCO and pulp necrosis (PN) following dental trauma (i.e. extrusive luxation and lateral luxation) in children and young adults (6-20 years). The authors also evaluated whether and to what extent the stage of dental root development at the time of traumatic dental injury (TDI) influences these pulp responses, and whether PN can arise in teeth already affected by PCO. MATERIALS: The literature search was carried out during the period October 2019 to January 2020, using the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Articles in English reporting on young patients with PCO or PN in permanent teeth affected by trauma were included. Theresearch, whose questions were summarised according to the PICO method, considered the following aspects: patient age, type of TDI, stage of root development, initial treatment, presence of calcification or necrosis, time to onset of the two outcomes (PCO and PN), and duration of follow-up. The articles found were evaluated by two reviewers; in the event of disagreement regarding the inclusion of an article, a third reviewer was called upon to decide. CONCLUSION: PCO is a physiological pulp response associated with a traumatic event, usually a luxation injury. It is diagnosed on the basis of combined radiographic and clinical-anamnesticdata. Signs of PCO start to appear at around one year after the traumatic event, and its development reaches completion by about five years post-trauma. PN, on the other hand, is clearly apparent within the first year. Endodontic treatment, be it carried out as a preventive measure or following detection of PCO, is inappropriate and can cause serious iatrogenic damage. Treatment is indicated only in cases of definite PN.